Excerpted from Bensky: Chinese Herbal Medicine Materia Medica, 3rd ed. Tonifies the Kidneys and fortifies the yang: for impotence, urinary incontinence, nocturnal emissions, and irregular menstruation from Kidney yang deficiency. This herb is used for infertility from either a cold Womb (in women) or cold esssence (in men).* Expels cold and eliminates dampness: for obstinate cold-damp painful obstruction with generalized pain, a sense of weakness in the bones and sinews, and lower back and knee pain. Especially useful for cold abdominal or lower back pain.*